Grid- a basic system of reference lines for a region,consisting of straight lines intersecting at right angles.
This article is specifically about using grids when creating web designs, but it was really insightful and I think it can be applied to design in general. http://www.lilo.co.uk/about-lilo/articles/grid.aspx
Designers use grids in order to make sense of a group of things; give them a hierarchy, create reference points, and overall organize parts of a whole.
A modular grid is composed of multiple columns and rows, creating a pattern of squares or rectangles across a given medium. Each module can be filled singularly or multiple can be combined and used together, providing endless variations and possibilities in the design.
*Margins- the space around the printed or written matter on a page.
*Columns- a vertical arrangement on a page of horizontal lines of type,usually typographically justified
*Grid Modules- An independent self-contained unit of a space
*Flowline- The connecting line or arrow between symbols on a flow chart or block diagram.
*Gutter- the space between two columns of type
*Hierarchy- any system of persons or things ranked one above another.
-can be achieved by placing certain objects in more desirable or more greatly viewed locations, or by simply increasing the size or color intensity based on the importance.
*Typographic Color- The optical "grayness" of text type, particularly visible while squinting when viewing a block of text. The overall typographic color of a block of type is effected by the weight or boldness of the typeface, as well as the x-height and the contrast of the typeface used
*White Space- area deliberately not used in a design. It can bring flow and balance to the layout.
*Contrast- opposition or juxtaposition of different forms, lines, orcolors in a work of art to intensify each element's properties and produce a more dynamic expressiveness
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